Monday, September 30, 2019

Msc Strategic Management

The copyright of the Master thesis rests with the author. The author is responsible for its contents. RSI Erasmus University is only responsible for the educational coaching and beyond that cannot be held responsible for the content.Acknowledgements I would like to thank Raymond van Wick, Bert Flier, and Justine Jansen for their inspirational lectures and papers forming the basis for my thesis and new found interests; Raymond van Will and Mochala Chippers for thoughtful discussion and feedback during the process of writing this thesis; the managers responding to my river for enabling thesis testing; my parents, sister, and brother for their enduring and limitless support and patience; and XX for her support, love, and understanding.Your valuable contributions enabled the writing of this paper. XX, March 2009 Marten van Brussels Designing ambidexterity Social Capital and Ambidexterity 10 Cognitive social capital 11 Shared culture and systems Shared vision 12 Relational social capital 13 Trust Tie strength 14 Ambidexterity and Unit PerformanceIt provides the organization the ability to be aligned with and adaptable to its environment. The ambidextrous organizational form builds on internally inconsistent structures and cultures, allowing exploratory and exploitative units to optimally configure themselves around specific task-environment requirements. Exploratory units search for new knowledge and skills for the development of radical innovations and are characterized by loose cultures.Exploitative units build on and extend existing knowledge and skills for making incremental changes and fair well with tight cultures. Thus, to achieve ambidexterity organizations have to integrate the contradictory forces of exploration and exploitation and manage the internal tensions hat these forces bring along. However, it is strategic integration which remains to be a complex issue. The mechanisms for integration need to be able to access and integrate knowledge across relati vely autonomous units.Till date, formal integration mechanisms have received ample attention, while organizational social capital was largely ignored. Cognitive and relational social capital are found to be essential determinants for the transfer of knowledge between units within the organization and thus for their integration. Therefore, this study explores how cognitive social UAPITA, represented by shared culture and systems and shared vision, provides the needed meaning and understanding for business units in a context of contradiction which is apparent in the ambidextrous organizational form.In addition, the facets of relational social capital, represented by trust and strong ties, are explored as enablers to bringing units focusing on either exploratory or exploitative activities together. In total 52 autonomous business units, from three globally diversified electronics and electrical equipment companies, participated with the research through surveys. These business units ar e responsible for either a specific market segment or product group, ranging from more traditional businesses to newer businesses.They provided insight into their achievement of ambidexterity, performance, the extent of mutual meaning and understanding with other units, and the content of their relations with other units. The results concerning the four separated factors used to measure cognitive and relational social capital appear to be influenced by invisible multimillionaires. However, these factors still explain to considerable extent the achievement of business unit ambidexterity and reference.Concerning cognitive social capital, a shared culture and systems do not appear to influence the achievement of ambidexterity, while a shared vision among business units strongly supports business unit ambidexterity and to considerable extent performance. Concerning relational social capital, trust between business units seems to contribute to ambidexterity, but a shared vision is an imp ortant contributor to this relationship. Trust also positively influences unit performance.Strong ties do not seem to influence the simultaneous pursuit for exploratory and exploitative innovation. If at all, the relation would have been negative. Before strong ties would benefit ambidexterity, these ties need to be complemented by a certain amount of trust. In addition, strong ties do not support unit performance. The findings indicate that a combination of shared culture and systems and shared vision into a single measure of cognitive social capital does explain business unit ambidexterity and to considerable extent unit performance.The sharing of a vision amongst separated business units appears to reduce the negative effects of resistance to change and adaptability following from a shared culture and systems. By combining shared vision and shared culture and systems it seems that a more balanced understanding or context is created in which units accept the simultaneous pursuit o f exploration and exploitation. The combination also positively impacts performance. A combination of trust and strong ties into a single measure of relational social capital does explain unit performance, and to some extent ambidexterity.It appears that trusting relations positively mediate the negative relation between strong ties and the search for novel ideas. While trust leads to the exchange and combination of rich resources, the implementation of the consequent novel insights and combinations is benefited by strong ties. The achievement of business unit ambidexterity does positively influence unit performance. However, ambidexterity does not seem to mediate the relation between social capital and performance. Rather the relation between social capital and unit performance is a direct one.Overall, social capital dimensions enable the integration of exploratory and exploitative activities, while ameliorating the subsequent internal tensions. In addition, the content of relation s and extent of mutual understanding between business units influences unit performance. Hence, social capital is an important contributor to vital business unit outcomes. Top managers should therefore master the creation and exploitation of social capital. Interesting avenues for future literature are discussed.Taken together, these understandings deliver new insights into how business units might achieve competitive advantages and increased performance and survival chances. 5 An organization's long-term survival depends on its ability to â€Å"engage in enough exploitation to ensure the organization's current viability and to engage into enough exploration to ensure future viability' (March, 1991: 105). Indeed, Rakish & Brainwash (2008) in their effort to merge the burgeoned literature on organizational ambidexterity conclude that successful firms are ambidextrous.It provides the organization the ability to be aligned with and adaptable to their environment (Gibson & Brainwash, 2 004), enables the organization to simultaneously pursue exploratory and exploitative innovations (Banner & Dustman, 2003), and gives it competitive advantage (Dustman & Reilly, 1996). To achieve organizational ambidexterity organizations have to unite the contradictory forces of exploration and exploitation and manage the internal tensions that these forces bring along.While the benefits of organizational ambidexterity have been emphasized and important contributions providing insight in how to accomplish organizational ambidexterity have been made (e. G. Jansen, George, Van den Busch, & Belabored, AAA; Kittening & Dustman, 2007; smith & Dustman, 2005; He & Wong, 2004), empirical evidence explicating the factors underlying the process of achieving organizational ambidexterity is largely lacking (Reilly & Dustman, 2008; Jansen, et al, AAA). The ambidextrous organization thrives on internally inconsistent structures and cultures (Smith & Dustman, 2005).Exploratory units search for new knowledge and skills for the development of radical innovations in order to meet the needs of emerging customers or markets, while exploitative units build on and extend existing knowledge and skills for making incremental changes to existing products and services to meet the needs of existing customers and markets (Banner & Dustman, 2003). This focus enables the units to optimally configure themselves around specific discontentment requirements (Lawrence & Lora's, 1967).However, it is the strategic integration of these contradictory forces which leads organizational ambidexterity to become a dynamic capability for the organization (Reilly & Dustman, 2008). Since organizational ambidexterity appears to be such an important concept for organizations and difficult to achieve a lack in research on its antecedents is surprising. This paper focuses on the antecedents of ambidexterity at business unit level by taking on a social capital perspective.The research on managing and integratin g exploratory and exploitative activities has mainly focused on formal structures and incentives, largely ignoring the social structure that likely enables organizational ambidexterity (Cleanable & Dustman, 2007; Jansen, Van den Busch, & Belabored, 2006). By focusing on cognitive social capital and relational social capital, the two dimensions of social capital that provide closure within the organization (Van Wick, Jansen, & Less, 2008), the paper attempts to explain the integration of exploratory and exploitative activities.The paper argues hat cognitive social capital, represented by shared culture and systems and shared vision, provides the needed meaning and understanding in the context of contradiction (Smith & Dustman, 2005; Inpatient & Shoal, 1998; Inept and Tsars, 2005; Van Wick, et al, 2008), which is apparent in the ambidextrous organizational form. The facets of relational social capital, represented by trust and strong ties, are seen as enablers to bringing units focusi ng on either exploratory or exploitative activities together (Van Wick, et al, 2008; Tsar, 2000).Also, social capital stands central o the understanding of innovation (Inpatient & Shoal, 1998; Moran, 2005) and as such influences exploratory and exploitative innovation. In addition, Guppy, Smith & Shelley (2006) state that learning from exploratory and exploitative activities is more likely to occur at macro level (I. E. Team, unit, organizational, or interdenominational), than at micro level (I. E. The individual).Thus, referring to the definition of social capital (Inept & Tsars, 2005), organizational learning is a resource which is embedded within, becomes available through, and can be derived from a network of relationships. Following this logic, organizational ambidexterity resides in the relationships between units, which are explained by social capital theory. By addressing the question how social capital can enable ambidexterity, the study attempts to bring a social perspecti ve into the ambidexterity debate.Research addressing this link is missing, while the two are seemingly related. By studying the relation between social capital, which has the ability to build competitive advantage (Inpatient & Shoal, 1998), and ambidexterity, which leads to long-run survival (Rakish & Brainwash, 2008), this paper contributes mainly to the strategic management and organizational literature. In the following sections theory and hypotheses will be presented. Ambidexterity and social capital will be explained, while the hypotheses and the research model linking the two are given.Then, the methodology section will outline how the study tests these hypotheses within business units. The results section provides initial insight on the fulfillment of the hypotheses, while their implications will be outlined in the discussion and conclusion section. In addition, the paper proposes future avenues for inquiry. 7 Duncan (1976) introduced the term ambidexterity, in the organizati onal setting, arguing that long-term organizational success depends on switching organizational structures in sequence, depending on an organization's state of innovativeness.When an organization finds itself in a phase of innovation it should adopt an organic structure. When the organization is ready to exploit the innovation a mechanistic structure is more appropriate. However, it was not until the seminal article of March (1991) on organizational learning that research on ambidexterity started burgeoning. March (1991) argued that organizations should â€Å"engage in enough exploitation to ensure the organization's current viability and engage in enough exploration to ensure future viability' (March, 1991: 105, italics added).A focus on exploitation at the expense of exploration is likely to lead to short-term success, but in the long-term may lead to competency traps and inertia. A focus on exploration at the expense of exploitation might lead to innovate ideas, but would leave the organization without the ability to reap the benefits. Dustman & Reilly (1996) showed that organizations are able to combine exploratory and exploitative activities.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Compare and Contrast: Hound of the Baskervilles

Heather Scott Professor Sevart English Composition 101 11-21-12 Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, author of Hound of the Baskervilles, was born on May 22, 1859, in Edinburgh, Scotland. The Doyle’s were a prosperous Irish-Catholic family, who had a prominent position in the world of Art. Charles Altamont Doyle, Arthur's father, a chronic alcoholic, was the only member of his family, who apart from fathering a brilliant son, never accomplished anything of note.There was little money in the family and even less harmony on account of his father's excesses and erratic behavior. Arthur's touching description of his mother's beneficial influence is also poignantly described in his biography, â€Å"In my early childhood, as far as I can remember anything at all, the vivid stories she would tell me stand out so clearly that they obscure the real facts of my life. † After Arthur reached his ninth birthday, the wealthy members of the Doyle family offered to pay for his studies.By 1876, graduating at the age of seventeen, Arthur Doyle, With his innate sense of humor and his sportsmanship, having ruled out any feelings of self-pity, Arthur was ready and willing to face the world and make up for some of his father's shortcomings. Despite his abnormal up rearing, Doyle became a legendary author and his writings became inspirations for many films about Sherlock Holmes. In his original novel, Doyle describes Mr. Jack Stapleton as a thin, bookish looking man who’s temper is uncontrollable in certain situations.His violence in the book however differs greatly from his violence in the film. In the book, Mr. Stapleton threatens his wife to go along with his devious plot, but never lays a hand on her until she discovers he has brought the beast to their home. Once she has seen this, she threatens to reveal his diabolical plans and he quickly reacts by tying her up and gagging her that way she can make no noise. As shown in the film, when they are at the party togethe r, Mrs. Stapleton wishes to no longer be a part of his schemes and he grabs her by the neck reminding her that he is in charge of her decisions nd that they must finish the plans together. That next day Mrs. Stapleton had obvious bruises on her neck from his grip. Also in the film, towards the end the detectives find Mrs. Stapleton hanged rather than tied up. His hostility towards Holmes is also different in the movie from the book. In the book, he keeps control of himself when he discovers the beast has killed the wrong man and that Holmes is, in fact, in London. In the film, Mr. Stapleton becomes very anxious when he realizes Holmes is no longer at the party and he fears that he may be snooping around.Indeed, Stapleton finds Holmes raiding through his personal belongings and is instantly hostile. Towards the end of the movie, when Holmes is caught in the quicksand of the moor Mr. Stapleton, after fighting with Holmes and Watson, he returns to end Holmes life with a single shot. In the book, he always avoided confrontation with Holmes because he found him superior to himself. A second comparison between the book and film would be Mr. Stapleton’s jealousy throughout the storyline.AS he struggles already with controlling his temper, it becomes too much when he sees his wife, whom is pretending to be his sister, speaking intimately with Sir Henry. Not only does this increase his want to kill him, but gives him greater reason too because without Sir Henry in the way, Jack Stapleton becomes the next heir to the Baskerville inheritance. In the book, he keeps most of his jealousy hidden other than the bit that is obvious to Watson at dinner. In the movie, Stapleton seems to take out his jealousy and anger out on Mrs. Stapleton until he has the right time to release the Hound on Sir Henry.His jealous behavior shines through clearly in the movie because you can see Stapleton’s facial expressions towards Sir Henry. He sees him as a threat to the money tha t, according to him, is rightfully his own. This hostility leads to slip ups in his planning making it easier for Holmes to figure out that Stapleton was the enemy all along. As goes with every good novel, the movie always depicts characters differently and most of the time the books do a far better job. Author Conan Doyle is, and always will be known as the man who created the legend of Sherlock Holmes.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

The Bermuda Triangle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Bermuda Triangle - Essay Example In fact, the mystery behind Bermuda Triangle is based on exaggerated reporting and explanations by media reporters and seafarers. Still, people are not yet ready to believe that there exists less scope for paranormal activity behind the Bermuda Triangle. But evidences on the disappearances of ships and aircrafts in the Bermuda Triangle prove that there exists less scope for extraterrestrial forces behind disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle. Besides, this region is a renowned for heavy traffic of ships. So, there exists high scope for accidents and related incidents. At the same time, the story behind the Bermuda Triangle tends the seafarers and pilots to expect some extraterrestrial forces in this region and this leads them to accidents. Stewart (2009) makes clear that, â€Å"Many familiar with the waters near Bermuda, for example, say that can happen easily because of the turbulence and converging currents of the Gulf Stream within the Triangle† (p. 79). The Ocean current, added with methane gas, is strong enough to sink a vessel. The excavations conducted with the help of marine experimentation equipments prove that the secret behind most of the incidents in Bermuda Triangle is human error. ... In fact, natural explanation on mystery behind the Bermuda Triangle proves that natural phenomenon like wind storm added with human error is the real villain behind the tragic incidents. Besides, the natural explanation on the mysterious disappearances is based on the fact that this area is important within the context of maritime activities. To be specific, this area is the meeting point of maritime activities between America and Europe. A number of aircrafts (say, commercial/private) conduct daily trips from America to other parts of the world. Rosenberg (2002) stated that, â€Å"The most commonly mentioned theory is simply that the disappearances were caused by simple human error† (p.22). One can see that tropical storm in the Bermuda Triangle area is one of the natural factors behind the loss of the vessels and aircrafts. All these factors within the context of sea and air transportation lead to disasters in the Bermuda Triangle area. Evidently, mechanical malfunction is t he reason behind the loss of vessels and aircrafts in the Bermuda Triangle region. When the authorities failed unmask the secret behind the mysterious incidents in the Bermuda Triangle, more and more people began to suspect paranormal forces behind the same. But Hamilton (2007) opined that, â€Å"Since this area is one of the most heavily traveled places in the world, it is no surprise that many people have seen tragically lost within the Bermuda Triangle† (p.4). For instance, the disappearances of G-AHNP Star Tiger and Douglas DC-3 aircrafts in the year 1948, G-AGRE Star Ariel aircraft in the year 1949, and KC-135 Stratotanker in the year 1963 led the international community to consider that there exist paranormal forces behind the incidents. Later, investigation proved that human error, weak

Friday, September 27, 2019

VARK analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

VARK analysis paper - Essay Example It means that the student is able to recall images more than listening to class lectures alone. Aside from the use of proper gestures when teaching, the student learns well if the teacher uses pictures, posters, slides, and diagrams like flow charts or graphs throughout the class discussion (Vark Learn, 2012c). The student’s preferred learning strategy is totally different when compared to other learning styles. Instead of using pictures, posters, slides, and diagrams like flow charts or graphs, the use of aural learning strategy is more focused on receiving inputs out of hearing. In most cases, students who prefer the use of aural learning strategy learns best each time they attend classes, discussions, and tutorials, participating in group discussion, or using a tape recorder (Vark Learn, 2012d). In case the only available teaching and learning materials is a manuscript or notes, the student should read the text aloud so they can easily recall what they have read. Students who prefer the use of read/write learning strategy learns better when they read dictionaries, books, journals, notes, essays, and manuals. It is also possible for this group of learners to learn better each time they write down technical terms on a piece of paper or convert diagrams or charts into words (Vark Learn, 2012e). Unlike the use of visual, aural, and read/write, kinesthetic approach in learning is all about learning by doing (Gardner, Jewler, & Barefoot, 2008, p. 44). Basically, figure I shows the test results after completing the VARK Questionnaire entitled â€Å"How Do I Learn Best?† The fact that the VARK Questionnaire results show scores between 10 to 15 strongly suggest that as a learner, the student is very flexible. Regardless of the kind of teaching modality used in class, the VARK test strongly suggest that the student can easily cope with whatever teaching modality the teacher decides to use in class. The test results strongly suggest that the student

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Professional Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Professional Practice - Essay Example Currently, there is a lot of money and resources spent in the ongoing management and maintenance of the green areas of the City hence the need to try and curb the cost incurred. The Urban Nature Parks Programme has enlisted the help of a landscape practice in Sheffield to undertake the lead in the project. I have been appointed to run the point in this project. The area to be worked on is approximately 100metres by 150metres. The area has some grass, some indigenous Oak trees, and weeds that facilitate fly trappings. Local residents do not enjoy the area so much because of these said disadvantages. There have been complaining about hedges growing wildly and this can pose a security threat to the locals of that area. The Urban Parks Programme intends to grow trees to fill up 80% of the Park and Wild grass that needs maintenance once every year to fill up the rest of the Park. The JACI LWC is unambiguously for Landscape systems that include lax Landscape works. However, they are not suitable for use on schemes requiring named or designated sub-contractors, scheduled phased instigation and/or accomplishment, as well as not being suitable for projects of over roughly  £200,000 (Walters, 2010). For projects demanding elements to be deliberate by the Service provider the JCLI Landscape Mechanism Contract with Contractor’s Design (JCLI LWCD) must be used over JCLI LWC. This does not deliver that every adjustment is to be treated as a deviation. Where there are priced Work Programmes any correction which results in a modification of the quantities and/or rates in the Work Programmes will result in a deviation (Walters, 2010). This clause comes to bare because my Company has set out two people to do two similar tasks. In essence, I will be providing an estimate while my colleague is tasked with the actual budgeting of the entire project.

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Technology Support System For Homeland Security Program Assignment

Technology Support System For Homeland Security Program - Assignment Example Former Senator Rudman views the department to be a needed â€Å"formulation† in spite of the existing of great Army, Marine Corps and Air Force (2003). However, in assessing the organization and mission of the DHS, this proposal sees the agency to be wanting in resources and capacity along the aspects of independent mobilization and focus of initiatives. Organizationally, the DHS has to correlate with federal agencies to be able to mobilize anti-terrorism initiatives; it also lacks the integrated mechanism so that the department can effectively interface with the anti-terrorism network of agencies within the bureaucracy. Thus, the creation of an Information Communication and Assistance Services or ICAS is hereby proposed. Specifically, the ICAS is a novel concept of a management information system which will link the DHS with correlated anti-terrorism federal, state and local agencies using information and communication technologies. It will also enable the DHS to directly ser ve the people at the grassroots level through a social Web site and a 9-12 quick assistance response system. If implemented with a budget request of 18 Million USD, the proposal will consequently resolve what U.S. President Barack Obama perceives to be a â€Å"systemic failure in the existing homeland security services (Newsweek, an. 11, 2010). TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR HOMELAND SECURITY Problem Identification The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States have greatly dismayed Americans on their vulnerability to terrorism at home. Beyond the great grief of the citizenry, the catastrophic event provoked an awareness of the country’s dire need for security. Describing terrorism as â€Å"a global, generation-defining struggle against an enemy of vast military and ideological power,† (Time, 2000), U.S. President George W. Bush ordered the setting up of a Department of Home Security or DHS in order to protect the nation from terrorism inflicted in any o f its 50 states. (50 States.com, 2012). This unprecedented move was intended not simply to enlarge the already existing security manpower of the United States, but to enlist the cooperation of partners involving all relevant security agencies, and the American citizenry as well. The potential threats are many, ranging from home-made bombs to ballistic missiles hurled from concealed sites thousands of miles away. The tools of terrorism also vary from simple devises hidden in an air traveler’s shoe to sophisticated nuclear weapons system, each having the capacity to inflict a high share of human suffering and death. The department has therefore been given a critical mandate to â€Å"mobilize and focus the resources of the federal government, state and local governments, the private sector and the American people to accomplish its mission to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce America’s vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the damage and recove r from attacks that do occur† (Hutton & Mydlarz, 2003). TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR HOMELAND SECURITY Understandably, the challenge assumed by the department is immense. Already since the 2001 September attacks that toppled down the New York Twin Towers, it was reported that 45 Jhadist terror attacks were planned against the United States (Avlon, 2011). Fortunately, these were prevented by proficient intelligence work, functional policing, and avid public support.

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Techonology affects our life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Techonology affects our life - Essay Example reading, and was now forcing me to carry out another action involving modern technology, in this case mostly referred to internet and cell phone usage. I always knew that technology referred to the application of scientific knowledge in the creation of a machine, tool, or a system, intended to solve a problem present in our life. But is it what modern technology accomplishing these days? I have been sensing this behavioral change for a while now; a persistent compelling to log in to my Facebook account in the middle of night, a severe drive to check my e-mail during a lecture, a relentless desire to steal a look at my cell phone for incoming texts during a group meeting, were few of the examples. From my modified conduct, I could claim that this modern technology, with its ever increasing presence and various mediums, was gradually enslaving me. But at the same time, I could contest that this panic is always adjunct to the emergence of all new technologies, and instead of fighting it , I should simply embrace it. In his article Writing Is a Technology that Restructures Thought, Walter Ong declared that â€Å"New tracks for thought are imposed by the newer technologies,† (30), but I do not strictly agree with his statement. Although, I consent that in the past ten to twelve years, my reliance on technology has increased to such an extent that it has altered how I connect with people around me, and perceive attainment and retention of knowledge, but it has not mutated my thought process. Technology has certainly transformed the way I connect with people, for example, the other day, I was thinking, when was the last time I sent or received a personal letter; not the bank statements, or solicitation pamphlets, I receive every other day, but an actual letter from an acquaintance of mine. Even the yearly season’s greeting cards I used to receive had reduced to one or two. Although, this gradual change, brought on by the increasing popularity and usage of new technological mediums, was relevant enough for me to notice, it was not profound enough to emotionally distraught me. It was probably because I realized that, for me, what matters, is the sincere and deep wishes of the sender, not the medium they are utilizing to send them. Therefore, I can say that technology has ended the ‘paper’ exchange of wishes, but it has not rendered the social interaction to be defunct. C.P. Snow once said in New York Times that ‘Technology... is a queer thing. It brings you great gifts with one hand, and it stabs you in the back with the other,’ (Editors, 110). Few days ago I faced a situation, which left me feeling the same. I was supposed to travel to an unknown location with my grandfather, and I guaranteed him that I will get the complete address through Google maps, so that he does not need to keep the paper map with him. When we both sat in the car, he asked me whether I took the directions, and I assured him that yes I did look at them. He asked me if I memorized the directions, and I told him that whenever required, I will access Google through my I-Phone, and we will be able to look at the instructions. The look he gave me said a thousand words. He further playfully stated that if I kept on continuing like this, and did not put my brain to work by memorizing these minor things, my brain will gradually deteriorate. After this incident, I was

Monday, September 23, 2019

Employees in Norway are Complaining That They Have no Input into Essay

Employees in Norway are Complaining That They Have no Input into Decision Making in Organizations - Essay Example This reality has led to the witnessed complains posed by the concerned staffs. It exists that poor employee-employer relations ultimately affect the decision making processes and involvement of employees. Additionally, deprived rapport, poor management, pride in the status quo among managers, and inadequate decision-making policies form prime contributors. Several solutions to the problem are suggestible to uproot the vice and solve this complain. These included: Ratification of viable decision-making policies that will elicit employees’ participation in decision making processes. Proper employee-employer relations and suitable management Respect and mutual regards between employees and their seniors Educating the management on the importance of allowing employees to participate on critical organizational processes. Establishment and nurturing of self-managing teams Additionally, it is recommendable that the most appropriate solution to this menace is management training/educa tion on the benefits emanating from the involvement employees in decision-making processes and proper management practices (Portny, 2010). ... It is crucial to agree that Norwegian organizations have neglected their employees in decision making issues; nevertheless, it is possible to amend the situation through proper education and other lucrative remedies. Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 2. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 3. Analysis a. Cultural Differences Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 b. Problem Solving†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 i. The problem identification†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...8 ii. Scanning the stage†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 iii. Categorization stage†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 iv. Diagnosis stage†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....8 c. Generating Alternative solutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 d. Evaluation and Choosing of alternatives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 i. Feasibility†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 ii. Quality†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 iii. Acceptability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 iv. Cost†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 v. Reversibility†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...10 4. Implementing and monitoring the suggested solution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...10 5.

Sunday, September 22, 2019

To what extent are football violence and sectarianism linked Essay

To what extent are football violence and sectarianism linked - Essay Example In Scotland, sectarianism takes the form of political sectarian rivalry and religious sectarian rivalry which occurs between Catholics and Protestants. Sectarianism is clear in football clubs such as the fierce rivalry between Celtic football club and Rangers football club. Discussion Sectarianism According to Murray (2000), sectarianism in the Scottish football arises from offensive behaviours on the pitch. The behaviours include expression of religious, social, political and racial incitement. This aspect may occur between players of two opposing teams or among the fans. The behaviour of managers and players influences sectarianism whereby, players may receive influence from the manager who is in rivalry with the manager of the opposing team (Murray, 2000). This implies that the players will consider the opposing team as a rival, not just in the football contest, but also in the physical sense. The managers play a vital role in ensuring that there is no sectarianism among players s ince they are the role models of the players. Sectarianism may also occur during the broadcasting of a match where the commentary may use sectarian terms and incite the fans. The commentators have personal beliefs and interest. Their interests may be on one team compared to the other team; this implies that, in their commentary, they will favour one team leading to rivalry between the two teams. Sectarianism in a broad perspective may lead to threats of solemn harm, which intend to cause fear and alarm to an opposing team. To demonstrate the rivalry that one team has over the other, there is the use of implied threats such as images that depict serious harm such as bullets and threats that incite religious hatred (Murray, 2000). In the Scottish football, many deaths and assaults have occurred and have a direct link on sectarian tension within the nation. Such assaults leading to death occur before or after a football match featuring rivalry teams. Sectarianism, which is present amon g the old Firms in Scotland, occurs due to religious conflicts where some of the teams identify themselves as Catholics while the rest, which constitute a small percentage, are protestant and are from the rival team as seen in the study work of Ward & Williams (2010). Sectarianism is openly demonstrated where some clubs put up the Union flag on their pitches while some put up Irish tricolored flags. The clubs, which demonstrate Catholic faith, sign players who are Catholics. This applies to Protestants who do not allow Catholics to play for their club such as Rangers football club. Though many researchers argue that football is not the main cause of sectarianism in the Scottish football, there is evidence to show that sectarianism is until now rampant among many fans as seen in the research work of Potter & Jones (2008). Sutherland (2012) states in his research studies that politics plays a considerable role in promoting sectarianism around Scotland. This is because influential poli ticians are supporters of some teams. If an influential politician supports a club while the rival politician supports another club, it implies that the supporters of the different politicians will become rivals not just on the pitch but also outside the football pitch. Football violence This is the act where the fans or the players’ turn against each other during a football match leading to destruction of property and injuries of people.

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Civil Disobedience Paper Essay Example for Free

Civil Disobedience Paper Essay Throughout US history, there were many occurrences performed by people that helped define American Identity. Some of the many aspects that helped evolve characteristics of American identity are civil disobedience, freedom of religion, and immigration. Historical happenings throughout time helped create how the US is today, and why certain freedoms are allowed. Civil Disobedience is one of the important aspects of american identity. Harriet Tubman played a great role in performing civil disobedience involving her freeing slaves. Harriet had a huge bounty on her head and still she rebelled against the law, rescuing more slaves. Henry David Thoreau also performed a part in the act of civil disobedience when he refused to pay taxes, because of his opposition to the Mexican-American War. He wrote an essay Resistance to Civil Government stating that citizens have the right to disobey the law if the law was considered unjust. Furthermore, Womans rights is another example of civil disobedience. Women werent treated as equal as men and were denied the right to vote. In 1848 the Declaration of Sentiments had 12 resolutions that called for equal treatment of women and men under the law and voting rights for women. Overall, civil disobedience plays a huge role in American identity. Freedom of religion is another aspect that highlights american identity. Many people came to America in search of religious freedom. Colonists wanted a chance to worship freely and have a religion they wanted to take part in. When the pilgrims came to American their goal was to escape the persecution of the puritans. Later on many religions began to disperse everywhere and therefor, population began to grow in America. The Salem Witchcraft Trials, and the Great Awakening of the 1730s played a great role in influencing freedom of religion. America became a refuge for those who wanted religious freedom and became a home to the many people that had the chance to improve their lives. Overall, religious freedom is a huge aspect defining American Identity. Since before America’s founding, immigration has been part of the American identity. In 1845, potato famine in Ireland stopped plants from growing and many families were starved and wished for an escape, nearly 3.5 million Irish migrated to America during the 1820s through the1880s. The Irish weren’t the only immigrants that migrated to America. The Germans had come to America during World War 1 in order to better their lives. Immigrants with money would buy farms in the country, and immigrants with very little money would stay in the city, mainly in New York. By 1855, New York homed at least seventy percent of the New York population. Many immigrants have come to America and still have many coming in and out of our country nowadays. Overall civil disobedience, freedom of religion, and immigration are just a few of the many traits given to the US over time. Because of all these happenings that have occurred in the US, we as citizens have many rights. Here in the US we are known to have different yet unique identities, all thanks to the acts of rebelliousness and righteousness throughout US history.

Friday, September 20, 2019

Critical Book Review Of Charles Payne Book History Essay

Critical Book Review Of Charles Payne Book History Essay Charles M. Paynes book Ive Got the Light of Freedom is a wonderfully written book. Payne describes the civil rights struggle African Americans faced during the 20th century especially in Greenwood, Mississippi. Paynes underlying focus is that of the strong tradition of organizing against oppression African Americans had. It is seen throughout the entirety of the book. One in particular was the Students Nonviolent Coordinating Committee activism in Greenwood during the 1960s. He explains that the movement of the 1960s was not the only one of its kind. Many people today believe that movement for racial equality in democracy and schools for African Americans only became possible because of the actions of Martin Luther King and the NAACP in the 1960s. They were of course very effective and participated but were not the only reason African Americans began to see change. Ive Got the Light of Freedom, layouts in detail that there was no sudden change and it was a long fought effort. Instead of being a just decade of activism, it was more of slow construction of multiple decades made possible by previous African American activist that created the foundation possible for change. Payne was able to do all of this beautifully. Ive Got the Light of Freedom, was great because it explained the influence elder activist had and explained in detail key aspects of the Mississippi Freedom movement. Both are very interesting and essential to the improvement of equality African Americans were able to see during the 20th century. The theme of building upon the past was a great aspect of the book. He did this by describing the importance of elder activist and how they shaped the Mississippi Freedom movement. This is seen in the beginning of the book which was very essential to the overall base of the book. In the first four chapters Payne explained how elder activist laid out the ground work. Some of these African American icons were Medgar Evers, Amzie Moore, Aaron Henry, Ella Baker, Septima Clark, and Myles Horton. Payne was able to correlate how all of these people played a huge role laying the brickwork. One example was the formation of the Council of Federated Organizations (Payne, pg 62). COFO was organized in an order to create a unified unit so that a meeting with Governor Ross Barnett could be established. Payne writes, COFO became the organizational vehicle that allowed the younger activist to exploit the networks built at such cost by the older ones. Had the veteran Mississippi activist, with their credibility and contacts, taken the stance toward the other groups that the national organization consistently took, the movement of the sixties would have had more difficulty establishing itself (Payne, pg. 62) Further more Payne also used a quote from Lawrence Guyot, a SNCC field secretary that stated without people like Amzie Moore contacts and help would not of been possible (Payne, pg. 62). All of this explains to the reader the power and influence the older generation of activist had. This is incredibly informative necessary when explain the true movements of African Americans during the 20th century. Another example would be the importance of schools like the Highlander. The Highlander was cofounded by Myles Horton. In the 1950s the school became a meeting and training center for all people active in the civil rights movement (Payne, pg. 70). One of the major characteristics about this school was that it went against all state laws. The Highlanders was an interracial school that pushed egalitarian living (Payne, pg.70). The Highlander trained many well-known activists such as Rosa Parks, E.D. Nixon, and Diane Nash of SNCC (Payne, pg.71). One can understand more clearly how the students of SNCC were able to work with White Americans in Greenwood after their mentors had done so previously at the Highlander. Furthermore Highlander would incorporate soul music which would stick with members that attended and help bring a voice to the oppression in the South. The constant push for community early on really keeps the reader stuck in the book. Ella Baker was another one of these activis ts that arguable had the largest impact on organizations like SNCC. Baker was considered a radical democrat and constantly insisted on organizations to not be formed in the NAACP mold. For instance an organization that would hear all voices and also help develop leaders, instead of bossing around members (Payne, 101). This was seen early on my Ms. Baker while backing up Citizenship Schools that would try and get more African Americans to register for voting. Payne however explained the importance all of these civil rights leaders had for SNCC and all movements in the 1960s best. The SNCC organizers who started working in the most feared counties in the Deep South in 1961 and 1962 had to learn a great deal quickly but they were not starting from scratch. They were heirs to a complex intellectual legacy shaped by older people whose thinking had been informed by lifetimes of practical experience, a legacy reaching at least far back as Miss Bakers grandfathers farm (Payne, pg. 102). All of these activist played huge roles and Payne is able to give a voice to these heroes. Another amazing aspect of this book was the Paynes immense detail of almost every aspect of the movement. This was seen in the media, nonviolent aspect, and the skillful use of the government. He is able to easily explain how everything worked during the sixties and some tactics used. With pressure from activist around the country, the Civil Rights Bill was passed in 1964. Activist realized that the only way to see change was to test the bill at local level (Payne, pg 319). This was headed by the NAACP which was at the forefront after SNCCs success. Payne writes, In some cases, they made it virtually impossible for merchants to conduct their normal business. They would go to the Holiday Inn, for example, just before noon and take up all the seats. They didnt get served, but no whites could be served either (Payne, pg. 320) All of this began to show progress because by the end of the year all business were at least trying to look like they were abiding the law (Payne, pg. 320). Anothe r tactic was a complete hold out of businesses. This was seen all over and became very successful. The activist gave the businesses the choice to either be racist and stay segregated or go out of business completely. Mass meetings were another fascinating aspect of the civil rights movement. Mass meetings, which had the overall tone and structure of a church service, were grounded in the religious traditions and the esthetic sensibilities of the Black South (Payne, pg. 256) The implementation of music at meetings motivated activist and kept them strong through the tough times. Payne puts the lyrics of the some songs throughout the book which add a great touch. Paynes acute attention to detail never disrupted the smooth informative flow of Ive Got the Light of Freedom. When looking at Charles M. Paynes Ive Got the Light of Freedom, one cannot find any flaws. This book was able to bring the struggle of African Americans in the south into full spectrum. While focusing on the Mississippi freedom struggle during sixties Payne was able to inform the reader on many aspects. For instance why there was a sudden surge of success in activism in the sixties. One now knows that it was actually a snowball effect. A struggle by activist like Medgar Evers, Ella Jo Baker, Septima Clark, Myles Horton, Amzie Moore, etc who had been fight well before the sixties. They would use their knowledge and help guide organizations such as SNCC so that the momentum of the movement would grow stronger. Through this development of leaders and transformation into an everyone has a voice system progress would be made. All of this was complemented perfectly with Paynes detail of tactics and pretty much every aspect of the movement. Ive Got the Light of Freedom, an amazing book and should be read by all. It teaches the reader that progress and change is not at sprint but a marathon that can be won.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Essay --

Marlene Cazahuatl 12/19/13 F.D.R Senior Bullying is a serious issue many young kids in society go through. Most of these children that face this issue many of which are Latinos or from Hispanic descendent are the main ones who suffer from this. These kids are sometimes bullied on where they are from and what they are or what they're not. The fact being is that no one should feel intimidated by another person that's most likely the same age as them. Now a days the media play a huge role in uncovering the issue of bullying. The media makes us reflect on how bullying wasn't such a big issue as it is now in past generations. The Fact is that we should do what ever is in our hands to prevent more cases like these and not allow anyone to be a victim of someone's aggressive behavior. According to reports from last year 2012, statistics show that 1 out of 4 students from Hispanic descendent are being bullied in their schools, most of which are afraid of attendin...

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

What Are We Fighting For? :: Essays Papers

What Are We Fighting For? â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.† This is the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America. This is the contract we have with our leaders to ensure that tyranny and injustice never take the power away from the people. This is the freedom we fight for when we send our military into foreign countries to overthrow oppressive regimes. And this is the soul of the nation which we must protect from anyone or anything that stands in its way. Recently, events have united the nation in a way that has not been seen in several years. We often take for granted how good we have it here. To be an American is a privilege that many fight for and never have. We are the most diverse country in the world. We have African Americans, Latin Americans, Asian Americans Christians, Jews, Muslims, Buddhists, Scientologists: you name it, we’ve got it. Consisting of people of every background, race, ethnicity, and religion, often we do not have a single thing in common, except for one thing: we’re all Amer icans. We all live here with the trust that we have as much freedom as our neighbors to do what we want and live how we want. However, we still have obstacles we must overcome to fully achieve this freedom. Throughout our history, short as it may be, Americans have overcome many social obstacles that would diminish our human rights. We have given women equal rights, a concept that many nations would scoff at. We have fought a war to abolish slavery, an institution that would hold whites over blacks. We continue to fight for our Declaration of Independence, which states, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all People are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.† How soon we forget what all the fighting is for. While blacks have their rights, and women can vote, our nation is beginning to realize that there is a new minority slowly emerging into the public view.

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

polar bears :: essays research papers

Polar Bear, common name for a white bear found on the sea ice of the Arctic throughout the North Polar basin. The only marine bear, it is longer than other bears and streamlined for aquatic life. It has the plantigrade feet (heel and sole touching the ground) typical of bears, with five sharp, curved claws on each foot for grasping the ice and holding its prey. Long hair between the pads protects the bear's feet from the cold and provides traction on the ice. Stiff hairs on the forelegs, and very broad front feet, help the bear swim. All polar bears are white, although their fur may yellow in the summer. The largest wild bears ever weighed—more than 800 kg (1760 lb)—have been polar bears. However, most male polar bears weigh an average of about 350 kg (about 880 lb), and most females weigh about 250 kg (550 lb). Polar bears have a strong navigational sense, an extremely good sense of smell, and they are unusually clever at solving problems in order to obtain food. They eat primarily ringed seals, and occasionally bearded seals, walruses, or white whales. They also feed on berries, sedges, mussels, and kelp. As with other true bears, polar-bear mothers and young form strong bonds. The young are very small when born: about 1 kg (about 2 lb). Their eyes remain closed for about 40 days and they must nurse every few hours. The mother holds them close to keep them warm. Except during the breeding season, male polar bears are solitary and roam over vast expanses of sea ice while hunting. During the breeding season (May to June), the males fight furiously over females.

Monday, September 16, 2019

Indian River and Its Tributeries Essay

The Lohit River has derived its name because of its vigorous nature and thus it is also called the river of blood. The lateritic soil of the river forms its surrounding demography. The river flows through the Mishmi Hills, to meet the Siang at the head of the Brahmaputra valley. The Burhidihing River is one of the major tributaries of the Brahmaputra River. The River Burhidihing flowing at the speed of 103. 58m at Khowang. The waters fall from an elevation of 102. 11m. This river is highly prone to floods and the previous highest flood level was measured to be 103. 92m in1988. Damodar River-The Damodar River originates in the Palamau district of Jharkhand near Chandwa village. The origin of Damodar River is in the Chota Nagpur Plateau region of India. The river flows through the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal for nearly five hundred and ninety two kilometers and then merges with the Hooghly River, which is in the south west of Kolkata. The Damodar River has a number of tributaries and distributaries. They are Barakar, Konar, Guaia,Jamania, Usri, Bokaro, Haharo, Khadia and Bhera. The Barakar is the most important and the only tributary of the Damodar River. This River arises near Padma in Hazaribagh district, flows through Jharkhand,and meets the Damodar River in Dishergarh in West Bengal. The river used to flow through Bengal in yesteryears, from west to east course and then it joined the Hooghly River at a spot near Kalna. Gradually, the river has changed its course and now most of the water in its lower reaches falls into the Mundeswari River. The Mundeswari River combines with other rivers and ultimately most of the water of the Damodar River flows into the Rupnarayan River. The residual water flows through the Damodar into the Hooghly, located at the south of Kolkata. Earlier the Damodar River was referred to as River of Sorrow in Bengal as it used to flood the Bardhaman, Hooghly, Howrah and Medinipur districts of West Bengal, which led to huge destruction of life and property. Even today the floods sometimes distress the lower Damodar Valley but the chaos it brought about in earlier years. However, after building the dams this flood factor has become a matter of history. Pollution of Damodar River is one of the grave concerns of the Bengal authorities. The Damodar is the most polluted river in India today due the several industries that have sprouted on its mineral-rich banks. There are too many coal-based industries that are been build the Damodar valley. Other industries are mostly government-owned coal washeries, coke oven plants, which are the country`s major iron and steel plants and thermal power plants. Zinc, glass and cement plants also cover wide areas along the riverbanks. The overburden of mine effluents, fly ash, oil, toxic metals and coal dust caused the pollution. Defective mining practices, outdated processing practices and lack of proper maintenance were compounded by corruption, inadequate pollution control and a state pollution control board that did nothing. The people living in the basin are slowly being poisoned because the Damodar and its tributaries is the only source of drinking water for most people living in the area. However, the governmental measures have brought significant changes in the status of the river for the past years. The geology of Damodar River indicate heavy metal concentrations at various zones of the river. At two sites in near mining areas, the coarser particles show similar or even higher heavy metal concentrations than the finer ones. Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) is based on the Tenesse Valley Authority of the United States of America. This project benefits the states of West Bengal and Bihar. An important feature of this project is the 692 metres long and 11. 6 metres high barrage constructed across the Damodar at Durgapur. Panchet dam, Farakka Barrage, Tilaiya Dam and Konar Dam are the dams at River Damodar. The tributary of Damodar River is one of the most ferocious and voluminous rivers of Eastern India – River Barakar, which begins near Padma in Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand and flows for 225 km across the northern part of the Chota Nagpur plateau. GANGA– The Ganges River is held sacred by Hindus and is worshipped in its personified formas the Goddess Ganga. The Ganga and its tributaries drain a large and fertile basin with an area of about one million square kilometres. The Ganges has a number of tributaries which are mentioned below: Yamuna River Yamuna River, also known as the Jumna, is a major river of the northern India. Yamuna River has a total length of about 1,376 km (855 mi). The Yamuna`s source is at the Yamunotri glacier near Banderpoonch peaks, in the Mussourie range of the lower Himalayas at an elevation of about 6387 meters above sea level in district Uttarakashi. This river, flows in a southerly direction through the Himalayan foothills, onto the northern Indian plain, and a series of valleys for about 200Kms, along the Uttar Pradesh-Haryana state border. At this point, the Eastern and Western Yamuna canals are fed from the river. Son River One of the largest southern tributaries of the Ganges is the Son River of central India. The Son River originates in the state of Chhattisgarh in the east direction of the origin of Narmada River. It then flows in the north-northwest direction through Madhya Pradesh before turning in the east direction where it meets the Kaimur range. The river starts flowing in the parallel direction of the Kaimur range in the east-northeast direction through Uttar Pradesh and Bihar and joins the Ganges just above Patna, the capital of Bihar. Mahananda River The Mahananda River is a major confluent of the Ganges in eastern part of India. The river originates from the extreme north of West Bengal from thehills of Darjeeling. It then flows southwards through the fertile agricultural area I in Bihar and enters West Bengal. The river then flows in the southeast direction I in to Bangladesh. I Kosi River I Kosi River one of the main rivers in Bihar and a prominent tributary of the Ganges, originates in the Himalayas. Along with its tributaries, the Kosi River traverses along parts of Tibet, including the Mount Everest region and also one third of the eastern part of Nepal. The river has shifted its course from east to west about 120 kilometres in the last two hundred years. Gandak River Gandak is also known as the Kali Gandaki River and Narayani after the confluence with Trisuli in Nepal. Gandak River is a tributary of the Ganga or Ganges River. It is one of the major rivers in Nepal and India. It is a north bank tributary of the Ganga in India. It rises at 7620 m in Tibet near the Nepal border and overlooks the Dhaulagiri. It is distinguished for the deep gorge across which it flows and for a large hydroelectric facility in Nepal. This river also provides water for a major Irrigation cum Hydroelectric power facility at the Indo-Nepal border at Valmikinagar. The river has a total catchment area of 46,300 sqkm out of which 7620 sqkm is located in India. The Gandaki River is mentioned in the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata. Ghaghara River Ghaghara River, also called the Gogra or Ghagra, Nepali Kauriala or Manchu or the Karnali, literally means `holy water from the sacred mountain`. The term Karnali also means â€Å"Turquoise River† and is a trans-boundary perennial river that originates on the Tibetan plateau. The Karnali is called K`ung-ch`iao Ho in Chinese. This river near Manasarowar cuts through the Himalayas in Nepal on its way to the convergence with the Sarda River at Brahmaghat in India where it forms the Ghaghara River. The Ghaghara River is a major left bank tributary of the Ganges. It is the longest and largest river in Nepal with a length of around 507 km and one of the largest affluent of the Ganges. Mahakali River River Mahakali flows between the border of Nepal and India. This river forms the western international border between Nepal and India and it originates from the Greater Himalayas at Kalapaani. The river flows down from a height of 3600 m, in the Pithoragarh District of Uttarakhand. Eventually, it joins with the Gori Ganga at Jauljibi area. This river again joins the Saryu River at Pancheshwar. The vicinity

Sunday, September 15, 2019

American Society

With its fiftieth anniversary, scholars have had ample reason to return their attention to Brown and reassess its meaning. From the Grassroots to the Supreme Court: Brown v. Board of Education and American Democracy represents one of the earliest efforts, drawn from a conference convened at the University of South Carolina in 2002. In the words of Peter F. Lau, the editor, this collection â€Å"reinforces long-held views of the decision's seminal importance and revolutionary nature† (p. 13).While the sixteen contributors to the book, scholars of law and history, largely support the above claim, their findings are not a simplistic restatement that Brown launched the civil rights movement. Instead, a more nuanced picture emerges, one that covers a broad span of time, combines bottom-up and top-down methodologies, contextualizes the integrationist campaign within larger themes of grassroots activism and constitutional change, and still accounts for variables of race, class, and r egion. Although the collection is kaleidoscopic, its essays essentially operate along two perspectives.The first draws connections between long-standing traditions of grassroots activism and the traditional narrative of Brown. As studies by Raymond Gavins, Kara Miles Turner, and Peter Lau make clear, before Brown local activists sought legal remedies as part of a larger, comprehensive fight for equality. Alongside celebrated battles in the courtrooms, they pressed other campaigns for voting rights and economic justice. Enriching our understanding of grassroots mobilization, other essays demonstrate that activists had to contend not simply with external obstacles but also with internal divisions of race, class, gender, language, and culture.Similarly, Tomiko Brown-Nagin skillfully explores intraracial tensions over the handling of post-Brown litigation in Atlanta. Christina Greene focuses on the often-overlooked role of women's activism in her sharp study of Durham, North Carolina, w hile Laurie B. Green addresses the dynamics of urban-rural relationships by employing a much-needed metropolitan approach to her exploration of Memphis and the surrounding Mississippi Delta. Other essays complicate the traditional narrative further, moving beyond the bounds of black-white relations to address experiences of other communities of color, especially outside the South.Furthermore, in a sweeping essay by Vicki L. Ruiz, he examines the meaning of segregated education for Mexican Americans, Asian Americans, and Native Americans in the West. Also, Madeleine Lopez likewise offers a focused study of Puerto Rican experiences with desegregation in New York City, where campaigns for bilingual education complicated the integrationist struggle. In conclusion, the essays in the book embrace Brown, yet assert that the case represented but one component of the larger civil rights revolution.Indeed, as the collection suggests, during the twentieth century the struggle for integration a nd the struggle for equality diverged as often as they merged. As Lau notes, â€Å"Seldom does significant change occur from any single source or emanate from any single direction† (p. 14). Therefore, the book offers a picture of the civil rights revolution that is appropriately diverse and complex. LITERACY AND RACIAL JUSTICE: THE POLITICS OF LEARNING AFTER BROWN V BOARD OF EDUCATION. This book by Catherine Prendergast examines the critical issues raised in the celebrated case of Brown v Board of Education.It must be noted that the five essays that make up Prendergast's volume plot the â€Å"intersections† between racial politics and educational practice and, in so doing, shed a great deal of light on the nature and intent of current educational initiatives and controversies. In the introduction and in Chapter 1, â€Å"The Economy of Literacy,† Prendergast examines the Brown ruling, a ruling that was ostensibly intended to end racism's power over educational po licy and practice, but ultimately did not!The author uses contemporary literacy theory and critical race theorists' reading of the Brown ruling to argue that the justices' explicit and implicit arguments reify a view of education as essentially White property. That is, the arguments and remedies of Brown constructed equal opportunity as the right of racial minorities to be educated among Whites: the quality of schooling that Black children receive is directly dependent not only on a White presence in schools but on Whites' implicit willingness to share their privilege and property with Black children.It must also be noted that the book's remaining chapters–â€Å"Desegregation Comes to the Piedmont: Locating Ways with Word,† â€Å"Give me your Literate,† and â€Å"Literacy and Racial Justice in Practice: High School X†Ã¢â‚¬â€œmay be of most use and interest to a slightly narrower audience of writing teachers, language theorists, and educational researchers . Chapter Three examines the seeming absence of race issues and racial identity in Shirley Brice Heath's Ways with Words.The final essay in the volume, â€Å"Literacy and Racial Justice in Practice,† is based on Prendergast's experiences as a tutor and aide, and later as a researcher, at â€Å"High School X† (a pseudonym for a Midwestern alternative high school). Here, Prendergast presents a realistic view of the stresses, tensions, and occasional triumphs of a partially-integrated school whose mission is an explicit recognition and celebration of difference.Although the lack of financial support for the school in the local African American community is an ongoing frustration for school administrators, Prendergast maintains that her study of HSX can provide some particularized insights for teachers and researchers and some â€Å"lessons† for a realistic approach to the ongoing racism of the American education system. The book's conclusion addresses the thorny is sues of ubiquitous educational testing, the role of the scholar in political change, and the reparations movement.Finally, Although the book is not without its faults–for instance, Prendergast's analysis of the court cases would have been more compelling had she examined the rulings and opinions of the justices, rather than relying on secondary sources, and the way that the term â€Å"literacy† slips around, unmoored by any attempt at definition, can be confusing–Literacy and Racial Justice tells an important story.Readers will discover in this story new insights into their own experiences–as students, teachers, and scholars–even as they struggle, with Prendergast, to understand both the too-often disheartening realities of today's schools and the society whose history and values those schools enact. References 1. Lau, Peter F. , Ed. From the Grassroots to the Supreme Court: Brown v. Board of Education and American Democracy Durham, NC: Duke Univer sity Press 406 pp. , $25. 95, ISBN 0-8223-3449-6 Publication Date: February 2005 2. Brown v. Board of Education: Caste, Culture, and the Constitution. By Robert J. Cottrol, Raymond T. Diamond, and Leland B.Ware. Landmark Law Cases and American Society. (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, c. 2003. Pp. xii, 292. Paper, $15. 95, ISBN 0-7006-1289-0; cloth, $25. 00, ISBN 0-7006-1288-2. ) 3. From the Grassroots to the Supreme Court: Brown v. Board of Education and American Democracy. Edited by Peter F. Lau. Constitutional Conflicts. (Durham, N. C. , and London: Duke University Press, c. 2004. Pp. x, 406. Paper, $25. 95, ISBN 0-8223-3449-6; cloth, $94. 95, ISBN 0-8223-3475-5. ) 4. Catherine Prendergast. Literacy and Racial Justice: The Politics of Learning after Brown v. Board of Education. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 2003. 205 pp. $25. 00. American society What aspect of American society do you feel are most in need of change? Why? How do you think this change can best be brought about? How can the legal profession bring about change?The aspect of American society that I believe should be changed is the immigration policies and laws. Basically, according to the 1990 Immigration Act, the United States can allow only up to 700,000 immigrants per year.The main premise behind this law is for the reunification of families who have been separated by various circumstances. However, despite strict immigration laws and policies, there are roughly 10 million illegal immigrants or aliens who currently live in the United States. Most of these immigrants come from the Philippines, India, and China. These figures generally show two sides of the issue which most of the time contributes to the legislative and other legal impediments to the problem at hand.On one side, the staggering number of undocumented immigrants is a good proof of the attractivene ss of America. Around the world, despite the global economic crisis, many people still believe that there are greener pastures and better jobs in the United States.Although there are millions of illegal immigrants who work in the country, it is ultimately beneficial to the economy. On the other hand, the massive number of immigrants poses a larger problem particularly in national security. Although this security threat is indirect, it could alter laws, redirect resources, and most of all, serve as a cover for criminals, extremists, and terrorists, among others.Meaning to say, there must be a comprehensive law or program that will more or less fix these problems mentioned above while at the same time ensuring that these illegal immigrants are somehow given a chance to live prosperous lives.Basically, the law profession plays a powerful role in deciding the fate of these immigrants as the decision of allowing them to stay or sending back to their mother countries lies on American immi gration laws. Considering the fact the there is a very large number of illegal aliens in the country despite stringent immigration laws, it can be then deduced that something is lacking in the country’s immigration system.Therefore, at the very least, a program that caters to non-citizen guest workers should be crafted in order to address this problem. Most of all, this program should ultimately result in economic gains and incentives for the United States. The legal profession can then lobby and call for the advocacy of this kind of program in Congress to ensure its legitimacy.Although there can be multiple dimensions to the program mentioned above, it should more or less revolve around certain principles. The most important of which are the immigration costs and benefits. The legal profession, in collaboration with concerned government agencies and groups, can conduct studies and researches on this area so that an effective immigration program can be made.The law profession can also craft a system in which all guest workers entering the U.S. be identified immediately. Basically, the key to cracking down illegal immigrants is swiftness together with the help of technological advancements such as biometric identification, which include fingerprints and retinal scans, among many others. Current migrant workers must also be presented with benefits if they choose to take part in the program.Moreover, the law profession can also stress that being a guest worker in the United States should not be viewed as a way to gain citizenship so that foreign migrants will not be oversupplied. Furthermore, lawyers can also petition for the review of existing immigration laws so that possible irregularities and loopholes can be addressed.  In short, what the law profession can do to address these problems in immigration to the United States is to ensure stricter and more effective implementation of old laws and the crafting of new ones that will resolve the issue while ensuring that economic benefits are attained.

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Smaato is the leading global mobile advertising exchange and helps mobile app developers and p ublishers make more ad revenues worldwide. As an industry pioneer and leader, Smaato provides Ads for Apps – operating the innovative leading mobile advertising optimization platform called SOMA. SOMA’s unique feature is the aggregation of 80+ leading ad networks globally to maximize mobile advertising revenues. More than 70,000 app developers and publishers use Smaato to monetize their content in over 230 countries. The company was founded in 2005 in USA, Smaato’s global headquarter is in San Francisco.Eu ropean headquarter is in Hamburg in Germany and the APAC headquarter is in Singapore. Smaato is one of the AlwaysOn Global 250 winners in the Mobile category (2012 & 2011) and was named a â€Å"company to watch in 2010? by Financial Analyst Company GP Bullhound. Currently we are looking for: Java Developer (Hamburg, GERMANY) As a Java developer you will join a team o f developers, where you will be taking part in designing, building, testing, and troubleshooting of the software platform SOMA . Currently our platform processes more than 1 billion inbound ad-requests per day.Each incoming request generates multiple outbound requests to Smaato's partners. SKILLS ? Attention to detail ? Knowledge of relevant procedures and tools ? Teamwork, initiative, flexibility and commitment ? Good knowledge of English ? Motivation to develop themselves personally and professionally ? Desire to work in a fast growing environment ? German language skills are nice to have QUALIFICATIONS ? Minimum Education: Bachelor's Degree ? Minimum Field of Expertise: Information technology ? Evaluated Experience in Java development ? Preferred Experience 3 years Do you find this challenge attractive? Please send your CV on: [email  protected] eu

Saturday, September 14, 2019

On Learning to Be an Indian

If you are going to choose between Simpatico and Rose, what will you choose? We know that Simpatico and Rose has its own identification and different structure but they also have similarities, they have stem, leaves and they are both flowers, right? It's like an Indian Culture and Philippine Culture, they have its own identification, different traditions and different cultures but they also have similarities on it. But first, did you know the difference of culture and tradition? What is culture? What is tradition?In India, praying at 5 o'clock in the morning and sang the hymns of the day at that time is their culture, it's like â€Å"Angelus† praying at 6 o'clock in the morning or 12 o'clock in the afternoon in the Catholics in the Philippine tradition; ash and smeared on forehead in Indian culture is like â€Å"Ash Wednesday' tradition in the Philippines; if you committed innumerable offenses like eating beef and other offenses, you may lost your right in both religion (Hind uism) and caste have similarities in Giggles in Crisis who are not allowed to eat â€Å"Dingus† and Muslims who are not allowed to eat eats (tradition in the Philippines); has hospitality to the visitors is also the same in Philippine culture; has a â€Å"betrothal ceremony' has a similarity in courting before the agreement to be married, in the Philippine culture; in Indian culture, the oldest woman in the house became the head of the family.Philippine culture, the father is the head of the family; in Indian culture, the bride must learn all the household chores, etc. S same of the culture of the Philippines but if you're rich and can afford servants or maids, the servants/maid will do the chores for you; And in India there was a prejudice not only against inter-caste marriages but against inter- community too but the Philippines doesn't have that type of culture, and I'm proud to say that, that we have a democratic country and we can do, choose what we want. It's seen that every culture has similarity to other culture/tradition of other country and some cultures or traditions have differences. Maybe the method of the culture or the way they do it makes it unique to others, and because of this uniqueness, the country may became famous and may influence other culture.

Friday, September 13, 2019

Johnson, James Weldon Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Johnson, James Weldon - Research Paper Example A major chunk of the works highlighted in this historical overview was taken from the segment regarding James Weldon Johnson. There was some information that was skipped mostly because it was irrelevant and shifted focus from Johnson’s main work. The main concentration was on many of his great poems as well as pieces of his works. This site consists of a lot of information about James Weldon Johnson’s life, his work and how passionate he was about poetry as well as music. The core focus however is on his work which is creatively displayed and depicted through the colorful use of making various quotes, summaries and key phrases out of his work; for example, ‘The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man an God’s Trombones’. This makes his poetry and literature all the more attractive and easily to go through for viewers. This website focuses on the biography and providing the detailed work of James Weldon Johnson. It is structured and organized in the way that it displays a great list of a wide selection of his work which is displayed categorized by the year in which It was published. Furthermore it includes the may awards and honors that were presented to Johnson during his lifetime and several that were named for him after he had passed away. Douglas, A. and Buckles, C. (2011). Documenting the American South. University Library.  God’s Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse Electronic Edition. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The unique thing about this source was the fact that it showed representations of the actual work of James Weldon Johnson. There were a lot pictures that were scanned from his actual book which gave the reader a very real idea of what his work was really like in its original form. Furthermore there were several links that aimed to enhance ones study into topics like southern history, literature as well as culture. Johnson played a major part in the

Thursday, September 12, 2019

Money Laundering and Abusive Tax Havens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Money Laundering and Abusive Tax Havens - Essay Example (Ethiopia: Council Passes Bill on Dirty Money. USA Today. [internet] Available at: http://content. usatoday.com /topics /topic/People/Notorious/Al+Capone. [Accessed June 25, 2009].) Whatever receipts coming from the washing venture, even if at a loss or lesser than what he invested, would therefore come out clean. So, the dirty money was delivered somewhere, washed and made clean or made to appear clean. Here is a kidnapper from Indonesia, for instance. Let us give him the name K. He kidnaps a vacationing wealthy Chinese in Macau. K gets one million dollars as ransom money in exchange of the victim's freedom. One cannot always carry one million dollars in bills or currency notes without inconvenience or difficulty. So, K deposits 300,000 dollars to the account of his Mistress No. 1, also 300,000 dollars to the account of his Mistress No.2, and another 300,000 dollars to the account of his Mistress No. 3. For the remaining 100,000 dollars, he keeps part of it in a minor bank account he has and part in his pocket. Bingo. The 900,000 dollars are safely placed in the custody of his paramours' bank accounts. In case he needs money, he simply calls any of the ladies and gets an on-line cash credit to his petty account. A corrupt official from Korea who receives kickback money or illegal commissions from a Japanese construction firm will not keep the bucks in Korea. What will he do He can buy corporate bonds from companies based in the United States. After a while, the scandal arising from his plunder will subside. He now wants to have his cake and eat it. How will he realize his evil earnings That is very simple and is not a problem. He will sell those U.S.-based debt certificates fast at a discount. What is the point The illegitimate loot sums up to one million dollars, all used to buy the bonds. The subsequent sale of the debentures generates 900,000 dollars. He losses 100,000 dollars in the process, does he Yes, but what He evades the long hand of the law. He runs around the law. He mocks the law. Tax havens, on the other hand, are generally bona fide. These schemes to avoid taxes are sometimes encouraged to push investments or to drive forward a good cause or crusade. A current event item is the tax incentive for the use of alternative energy. (Home Energy Efficiency Improvement Tax Credit. Consumer Energy Tax Incentives. U.S. Department of Energy. [internet]. Available: http://www.energy.gov/taxbreaks.htm. [Accessed June 25, 2009]) Thus, if you invest in a solar energy panel, for example, you can get a tax credit of maybe 30% or the equivalent of 300 dollars. This means that if you purchase that kind of gadget for 1,000 dollars, it is just like you only bought it for 700 dollars. Once you file the required return for the April 15 annual income tax deadline and your supposed tax liability is 500 dollars, you only pay 200 dollars. You are entitled to deduct the 300 dollars as tax credit. You are allowed to do that because you help the government about its environment concerns

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

[Art subject] Christian Imagery of Madonna Essay

[Art subject] Christian Imagery of Madonna - Essay Example The earliest depictions of the virgin mother appeared upon sarcophagi, but she is often represented within groups and never given any individual importance (54). During the next 300 years the worship of the virgin mother expanded and representations of her came in various forms and materials. At the arrival of the 10th and 11th century, although art was not given much importance, the Cult of the Virgin saw a steady increase in its followers (55) during this era the virgin was often represented in the forms of â€Å"Madonna and the child†, the â€Å"Annunciation†, the â€Å"Nativity† and the â€Å"Worship of the Magi† (55). Naturally a large number of artworks depicting biblical figures and scenes can be found in churches and other venues for worship, just like in the St. James Cathedral in Seattle, Washington, USA. Among the major artworks housed in the cathedral is a collection of stained glass by Charles Connik and an altar piece made by a Florentine artist, Neri di Bicci, which depicts the Madonna and Child surrounded by six saints. It can be noted that the image of the Madonna is prominent throughout the cathedral in various forms. From paintings, to statues, to carvings, and even stained glass the Madonna is portrayed in different roles and scenarios. Mentioned earlier is the artwork done by Florentine artist Neri di Bicci, Madonna and Child surrounded by six saints, dated to have been done in 1456. The artwork depicts the virgin mother sitting on a (heavenly) throne while holding the infant Jesus on her lap ("Madonna and Child with Saints"). Both the central figures are surrounded by six saints who are seemingly engaged in a conversation either with each other and/or with the Madonna and Child. Immediately noticeable is the regal aura that comes off from the virgin mother sitting on her queenly throne. In typical theological concept, the enthroned Madonna stands for the virgin mother as the Queen of Heaven (Hurll  37). A closer look at the altarpiece

Tuesday, September 10, 2019

E-goverment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

E-goverment - Essay Example E-government not only helps provide service to citizens, it is use a system of ICT hardware and software to improve internal and external government functions. Even though some countries have found improved systems and efficiency using e-government tools, there are many problems with design and implementation that are both internalized and externalized. These problems range from improper systems emphasis, changing visitor needs at the citizen level, interoperability problems between different software packages, outsourcing issues and problems with procurement. The research literature suggests that implementation of e-government services poses challenges even for more developed country. The subject is a fast-growing one with important consequences for national economies and competitiveness. In a sense, it represents a revolution in the way that services are provided to citizens. E-government is a fast growing industry. Like all such things that expand rapidly, there are great gains to be made, but also periodic setbacks. For example, in India, a country with a well-established governmental system, e-government has posed problems with regards to the process of electronic procurement. This country has a bidding system for purchase of governmental goods and services and the e-procurement system has increased average bidders from three to 4.5 (Payne, 2006). By moving governmental procurement to the Internet, it has managed to complicate the supply chain, therefore leading to the need for more database storage ability and more information technology support. This example is a useful illustration of one of an important issue relating to e-government. In the United States, e-government has created a need for internal organizational changes that demand decentralization, rather than its traditional top-down leadership hierarchy. In a decentralized structure, decision-making is filtered throughout the organization instead of in a

Monday, September 9, 2019

Chinese international expansion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Chinese international expansion - Essay Example h the solid backing from the parent organisation, ICT, Lenovo attained huge success through add-on cards market that became the utmost chief source of returns in this phase (Ronghui, 2005 p. 19). From 1991, Lenovo Group Ltd. started to vend its own PCs brand. Because of its suitable business approaches, it put up a renowned PC brand within Chinese market within a very brief time. By 1994, Lenovo Group converted to a public firm, listed at the Hong Kong Stock-Exchange. By 1997, it beat IBM, HP and Compaq turning into the leading computer vendor in China and has remained in the first place up to now with an incessantly expanding market-share of virtually 30 per cent of the total market-share. Its product groupings have been differentiated to encompass PC modules, servers, printers, digital cameras, network machines and mobile phones (Ronghui, 2005 p. 25). Though Lenovo attained the excellent success within national market, its global business still remained in a premature stage. Afore the IBM PCD’s acquisition was announced, its foreign ventures have been established only within a few overseas countries largely focusing upon East-South Asia (Ronghui, 2005 p. 22). Lenovo sales from foreign market accounted for roughly only 10 percent of Lenovo’s overall revenue. Before the IBM PCD’s acquisition, Lenovo was, nonetheless, continuing with a premature phase of internationalisation procedure of employing stages approaches, for instance, Dunning’s eclectic model or Uppsala model. For example, through employing Dunning’s IDP methodology, Lenovo’s was in the phase two up to time of acquisition. Rendering to these stages concepts, Lenovo should have followed an incremental procedure for its transnational expansion procedure. Nonetheless, Lenovo assimilated IBM PCD and... Overseas investment holding firms play a crucial role within the outward investment stratagems of Chinese private and state-owned businesses via onward journey outward foreign direct investment. A good example is the IBM PC’s acquisition by Lenovo. Seeking strategic assets is absolutely not the most crucial driver of outward foreign direct investment within these private corporations, majority of which can suffer more grim financial constrictions than big state-owned firms. A crucial reason for international expansion in these companies is to expand affairs with other prosperous TNCs, often operating as suppliers to engineering OEMs, and/or as providers of services. In the case for Lenovo, it is evident that the companies in the early instance, they develop their own fundamental resources as well as capabilities. There exists a genuine function for tax harbours as well as offshore financial hubs, as they allow economic endeavour to transpire that otherwise might never have occ urred. The establishment of partners in tax sanctuaries is not essentially harmful. Undeniably, an unplanned tax laws consequence supporting foreign investment within China is that it has generated inducements for firms to move overseas. Offshore holding firms in renowned tax harbours, in effect, may as well build a good basis for more international expansion.

Sunday, September 8, 2019

Organizational Psychlogy And Behavior Case Study

Organizational Psychlogy And Behavior - Case Study Example This essay discusses the system of assigning advisors for all students, that is clearly a very good one, because it can ensure that each student can be helped to find a suitable path in life. However, the system should have such mechanisms as to provide real equal opportunity to all. People are all different, and there should appear no such differences in treatment as it happened to Paul. Since the school must have had an antidiscrimination policy, Dr. David , unfortunately, could not even tell Paul that he did not like him and did not want to give him advice. On the other hand, Dr.David`s behavior towards the female student could possibly be interpreted as sexual harassment, so Dr. David had behaved improperly twice, not once. The system of advisors should be revised in such a way as to prevent such events and allow both students and advisors to express their beliefs, so that there should not appear any discriminations. Perhaps it would be a good idea to aks the advisors beforehand if they wish to work with that particular student, although that could give space for further discrimination. But, on the other hand, assigning Paul to Dr. David and letting Dr. David discriminate Paul anyway is not a good course of action, either, because Dr. David is entitled to his own opinions, too, and if he feels any disliking at all he will never advise Paul with an open heart. Perhaps it would be best to allow the advisors to choose their students, as long as each advisor has the same number of students.

Saturday, September 7, 2019

Module 4 Written Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Module 4 Written - Essay Example Latin American countries characteristically have high inflation rate, with some countries having as much as three digit percentage. In fact in a 70 year history of Argentina, the country averaged in excess of 200 percent inflation rate, Brazil on the other hand averaged 390 percent from 1980, and attaining a high of 6821 in the first quarter of this year. Venezuela rates are very high, a rate of 63.4 percent. The concept of Purchasing power parity (PPP) would imply that the currencies of these countries shall depreciate compared to the United States dollar so as to consolidate the purchasing power across the countries. According to Keown, Martin & Petty (2008), PPP reflects the relative value of purchasing a product in one county versus another. A high inflation rate has the effect of making their exports cheap while making imports expensive, thereby discouraging demand for Latin American imports and forces a downward pressure in their Latin American currencies. Depreciation of the c urrencies compensates the rising prices on Latin American exports when viewed by imports from the US and other countries. Interest rate parity exacts pressure on the forward rates to contain a large discount as a result of the high interest rate prevailing in Latin America, which shows a snag of hedging Latin American currencies. Hence, the option to hedge bears more sensibility if the expected rate of depreciation exceeds more than the forward rate. It is also important to factor in that certain remittance cannot be hedged anyway as a result the value of uncertainty in future remittances The forward rate of a Latin American currency would have a big discount; as a result the Latin American interest rate would be higher than that of the US. The discount operates as the prediction of the rate of change in the value of the Latin American currency given a lengthy period of time, which I represented by the forward

Friday, September 6, 2019

Islam, Apostasy and Missions Essay Example for Free

Islam, Apostasy and Missions Essay Sharkey’s Empire and Muslim Conversion: Historical Reflections on Christian Missions in Egypt, Kieser’s Mission as A Factor of Change in Turkey (Nineteenth to first half of Twentieth Century) and Erhan’s Ottoman’s Official Attitude Toward American Missionaries and a chapter from Timothy Marr’s work â€Å"The Cultural Roots of American Islamicism†, are scholarly enterprises that provides a comprehensive details about some historical phenomenon pertaining to Christian Missionaries, Islamic world and American History. All these articles refer to missionaries’ activities in the different geographical region within Islamic world but all these indicate similarities in their social and political orientations, their patterns and procedures and their successes and failures. All the authors have tried to present different aspects of missionary activities in the Islamic world with different approaches of historiography. But mostly all of them have illustrated the Mission’s movements in the Western hemisphere of the Islamic world. Egypt and Ottoman empire during the 19th century and early 20th century with a brief references to other parts of Islamic world (Mostly Sharkey has provided succinct comparisons with Iran, Pakistan and Indonesia etc. ) hither and thither. Their methodology to explore the historical realities, to analyze the issue and to provide judgments remains different. For example, Sharkey like a distinguished historian approaches the question with professional integrity and objectivity and restrains himself from providing sweeping conclusions about the whole scenario that he has analyzed intensively and extensively. He only provides the verified and verifiable arguments in support of his thesis and tries to coverall the aspects of evolution of phenomenon of Mission activity, their triumphs and failures and applies these historical judgments to the contemporary situation and ruling tenet of Clash of Civilization. Whereas Hans-Lucas Kieser arguments lucidly without relying much on primary and secondary sources but sometimes he adopts an authoritative stance over some issue without providing any substantial proof. Although Erhan also mulls over the phenomenon of Missionary activity in the Ottoman Empire but he has considered a specific issue of Ottoman’s official attitudes toward theses Evangelical missions. Other writer like Sharkey and Kieser touch some aspects of Ottoman’s approach and policies toward these missionaries but Erhan discusses these exhaustively along with the diplomatic relations between Ottoman Empire and United States of America in the early 18th century and how these relations affected the American missionaries status in the geographical domain of Ottoman empire. Timothy Marr postulates his theory first and then draws on far-fetched intellectual arguments to support his thesis. He collects all the historical evidences that can support his thesis and arrange them in a way so that they seem converging on a single point i. e. to draw parallels between major tenets of abolitionist spirit with romantic perception of Islamic world. He takes into account the whole Antebellum period. The ultimate purposes of all the articles seem to develop an understanding of the patterns and processes of Evangelical missionaries work in the Muslim world and its implications in the contemporary scenario (except Timothy Marr that analyzes the effect of Ismaicism on antislavery movement in America). Sharkey’s work is of great importance in this regard as its intention is to trace down the roots of Missionary activity in the Anglo-American imperialism and to locate the causes of the origin of post-colonial trend of considering these missionaries as neo-crusaders and proponents of anti-Islamic neo-imperialism by the Muslim masses. Kieser’s article seems to create a justification based on historical facts and figures that Missionaries in the Ottoman empires were â€Å"actors of social and mental change†. He tries to subvert the popular Muslim notion that Christian missionaries were carters of anti-Muslim agenda. Erhan’s â€Å"Ottoman Official Attitudes Toward American Missionaries† give the impression of a complete intellectual exercise to advance some historical findings. All the writers have specified a special period of Evangelical missionary activities in a particular geographical location. Sharkey takes into account the Missionary activities in Egypt but does not bind himself to chronological limits. He covers the colonial and post-colonial eras but pays special attention to the imperialistic moves of Anglo-American nations and their correlation with the missionary activities of the Anglo-American Churches. Kieser consider the activities of ABCFM in the Ottoman Empire especially the Armenian and Assyrian provinces in the 19th century and first half of 20th century. Sharkey, Kieser and Erhan adopts the same argumentative line about the gradual evolution of missionary activity and acknowledged rightfully explained the phenomenon of Missionaries’ premature activities to convert Muslim to the Christianity, their realization of the impossibility of the efforts and diversion to other socio-religious groups and minorities in the same geographical area. Sharkey says that although Ottoman’s political moves of â€Å"liberalism and tolerance† under the Anglo American imperial influence has facilitated the missionary activities but socio-cultural compulsions remained there that hindered the way of missionaries and kept them away from an agenda of conversion. So conversion of majority Muslims was a fruitless effort. So zealous missionaries turned their attention to the Orthodox Christians of the area i. e. to convert native orthodox Coptic Christians to Protestants. Kieser has analyzed the same pattern of diversion among the missionaries of ABCFM (American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions) in Ottoman Empire. He illustrates that â€Å"The first Missionaries of ABCFM learnt early on the impossibility of evangelizing the members of Ottoman ummet†¦Their resistance to conversion was partly due the strong legal an social sanctions against conversions, but not only to that. Like the Jews, for deep historical and psychological reasons, the Muslims remained on the whole impermeable to the enthusiastic approach of the Protestants. † (Kieser, p. 392-393) He further asserts that â€Å"therefore the ABCFM concentrated its work on the Assyrians, Armenians and Greek minorities and kept in contact with Muslim marginals. † (p. 393) Erhan takes a different stance and says that the initials efforts of the American missionary were directed toward Jews living at Palestine (p. 316) but soon realized that Jew were â€Å"tight-knit religious community and thus largely immune to Christian evangelical activities† ( Erhan, p. 315) But he further illustrates that Christian missionaries were diverted to their fellow Christian with Eastern version of Christianity. All these writers have assessed the situation precisely as Quranic injunctions and â€Å"Shariah’s† rulings that consider Islam as the final version of divine religions that encompass the teachings and tenets of Christianity and Judaism. These Islamic doctrines further hold that â€Å"Murtid† i. e. convert, has no place in Islamic society. These injunctions are psychologically and emotionally absorbed in the Muslims minds so the ultimate result of apostasy was social outcast and in some cases death penalty.